{"id":149,"date":"1979-07-23T01:47:27","date_gmt":"1979-07-23T01:47:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/climatechronology.com\/?p=149"},"modified":"2021-01-06T14:31:02","modified_gmt":"2021-01-06T19:31:02","slug":"ad-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Charney Report"},"content":{"rendered":"

A report of the Ad Hoc Study Group on carbon dioxide and climate for the National Research Council chaired by Massachusetts Institute of Technology meteorologist Jule Charney estimates \u201cthe most probable global warming for a doubling of CO2<\/sub>\u00a0to be near 3\u00b0C with a probable error of \u00b1\u00a01.5\u00b0C.\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The forward to the 22-page \u201cCharney Report\u201d by Verner Suomi, Chairman of the Climate Research Board of the National Research Council, notes that \u201cFor more than a century, we have been aware that changes in the composition of the atmosphere could affect its ability to trap the sun\u2019s energy for our benefit.\u00a0 We now have incontrovertible evidence that the atmosphere is indeed changing and that we ourselves contribute to that change.\u00a0 Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are steadily increasing, and these changes are linked with man\u2019s use of fossil fuels and exploitation of the land.\u00a0 Since carbon dioxide plays a significant role in the heat budget of the atmosphere, it is reasonable to suppose that continued increases would affect climate.\u201d\u00a0 Suomi directs a cautionary warning to policymakers:\u00a0 \u201cThe conclusions of this brief but intense investigation may be comforting to scientists but disturbing to policymakers.\u00a0 If carbon dioxide continues to increase, the study group finds no reason to doubt that climate changes will result and no reason to believe that these changes will be negligible.\u00a0 The conclusions of prior studies have been generally reaffirmed.\u00a0 However, the study group points out that the ocean, the great and ponderous flywheel of the global climate system, may be expected to slow the course of observable climatic change.\u00a0 A wait-and-see policy may mean waiting until it is too late.\u201d\u00a0 In addition to characterizing the impact of the oceans in delaying observable atmospheric warming, the study explores the impact of both positive and negative feedback mechanisms:\u00a0 \u201cA strong positive feedback mechanism is the accompanying increase of moisture, which is an even more powerful absorber of terrestrial radiation.\u00a0 We have examined with care all known negative feedback mechanisms, such as increase in low or middle cloud amount, and have concluded that the oversimplifications and inaccuracies in the models are not likely to have vitiated the principal conclusion that there will be appreciable warming.\u00a0 The known negative feedback mechanisms can reduce the warming, but they do not appear to be so strong as the positive moisture feedback.\u201d*<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

*Jule G. Charney and others, Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment <\/em>(National Academy of Sciences 1979), http:\/\/www.ecd.bnl.gov\/steve\/charney_report1979.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A report of the Ad Hoc Study Group on carbon dioxide and climate for the National Research Council chaired by Massachusetts Institute of Technology meteorologist Jule Charney estimates \u201cthe most probable global warming for a doubling of CO2\u00a0to be near 3\u00b0C with a probable error of \u00b1\u00a01.5\u00b0C.\u201d The forward to the 22-page \u201cCharney Report\u201d by […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1759,"featured_media":807,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,6],"tags":[11,18,25,30,39,75,107,118,130,133,146,194],"class_list":["post-149","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-20th-century","category-science","tag-ad-hoc-study-group","tag-atmosphere","tag-carbon-dioxide","tag-charney-report","tag-climate-research-board","tag-global-warming","tag-jule-charney","tag-massachusetts-institute-of-technology","tag-national-research-council","tag-negative-feedback-mechanisms","tag-positive-moisture-feedback","tag-verner-suomi"],"yoast_head":"\nCharney Report - A Climate Chronology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Charney Report - A Climate Chronology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A report of the Ad Hoc Study Group on carbon dioxide and climate for the National Research Council chaired by Massachusetts Institute of Technology meteorologist Jule Charney estimates \u201cthe most probable global warming for a doubling of CO2\u00a0to be near 3\u00b0C with a probable error of \u00b1\u00a01.5\u00b0C.\u201d The forward to the 22-page \u201cCharney Report\u201d by […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"A Climate Chronology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"1979-07-23T01:47:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-06T19:31:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/575\/1979\/07\/Jule_Gregory_Charney.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"417\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"505\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\",\"@id\":\"\"},\"headline\":\"Charney Report\",\"datePublished\":\"1979-07-23T01:47:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-06T19:31:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/\"},\"wordCount\":417,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/575\/1979\/07\/Jule_Gregory_Charney.png\",\"keywords\":[\"ad hoc study group\",\"atmosphere\",\"carbon dioxide\",\"charney report\",\"climate research board\",\"global warming\",\"jule charney\",\"massachusetts institute of technology\",\"national research council\",\"negative feedback mechanisms\",\"positive moisture feedback\",\"verner suomi\"],\"articleSection\":[\"20th Century\",\"Science\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/\",\"name\":\"Charney Report - A Climate Chronology\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/575\/1979\/07\/Jule_Gregory_Charney.png\",\"datePublished\":\"1979-07-23T01:47:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-06T19:31:02+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/575\/1979\/07\/Jule_Gregory_Charney.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/575\/1979\/07\/Jule_Gregory_Charney.png\",\"width\":417,\"height\":505},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Charney Report\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/\",\"name\":\"A Climate Chronology\",\"description\":\"Just another 91±¬ΑΟ Sites site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/author\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Charney Report - A Climate Chronology","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Charney Report - A Climate Chronology","og_description":"A report of the Ad Hoc Study Group on carbon dioxide and climate for the National Research Council chaired by Massachusetts Institute of Technology meteorologist Jule Charney estimates \u201cthe most probable global warming for a doubling of CO2\u00a0to be near 3\u00b0C with a probable error of \u00b1\u00a01.5\u00b0C.\u201d The forward to the 22-page \u201cCharney Report\u201d by […]","og_url":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/","og_site_name":"A Climate Chronology","article_published_time":"1979-07-23T01:47:27+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-01-06T19:31:02+00:00","og_image":[{"width":417,"height":505,"url":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/575\/1979\/07\/Jule_Gregory_Charney.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/"},"author":{"name":"","@id":""},"headline":"Charney Report","datePublished":"1979-07-23T01:47:27+00:00","dateModified":"2021-01-06T19:31:02+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/"},"wordCount":417,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/575\/1979\/07\/Jule_Gregory_Charney.png","keywords":["ad hoc study group","atmosphere","carbon dioxide","charney report","climate research board","global warming","jule charney","massachusetts institute of technology","national research council","negative feedback mechanisms","positive moisture feedback","verner suomi"],"articleSection":["20th Century","Science"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/","url":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/","name":"Charney Report - A Climate Chronology","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/575\/1979\/07\/Jule_Gregory_Charney.png","datePublished":"1979-07-23T01:47:27+00:00","dateModified":"2021-01-06T19:31:02+00:00","author":{"@id":""},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/575\/1979\/07\/Jule_Gregory_Charney.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/575\/1979\/07\/Jule_Gregory_Charney.png","width":417,"height":505},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/1979\/07\/23\/ad-hoc\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Charney Report"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/#website","url":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/","name":"A Climate Chronology","description":"Just another 91±¬ΑΟ Sites site","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"","url":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/author\/"}]}},"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":4,"label":"20th Century"},{"value":6,"label":"Science"}],"post_tag":[{"value":11,"label":"ad hoc study group"},{"value":18,"label":"atmosphere"},{"value":25,"label":"carbon dioxide"},{"value":30,"label":"charney report"},{"value":39,"label":"climate research board"},{"value":75,"label":"global warming"},{"value":107,"label":"jule charney"},{"value":118,"label":"massachusetts institute of technology"},{"value":130,"label":"national research council"},{"value":133,"label":"negative feedback mechanisms"},{"value":146,"label":"positive moisture feedback"},{"value":194,"label":"verner suomi"}]},"featured_image_src_large":["https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/575\/1979\/07\/Jule_Gregory_Charney.png",417,505,false],"author_info":{"display_name":"","author_link":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/author\/"},"comment_info":0,"category_info":[{"term_id":4,"name":"20th Century","slug":"20th-century","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":4,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":24,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":4,"category_count":24,"category_description":"","cat_name":"20th Century","category_nicename":"20th-century","category_parent":0},{"term_id":6,"name":"Science","slug":"science","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":6,"taxonomy":"category","description":"","parent":0,"count":15,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":6,"category_count":15,"category_description":"","cat_name":"Science","category_nicename":"science","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":[{"term_id":11,"name":"ad hoc study group","slug":"ad-hoc-study-group","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":11,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":18,"name":"atmosphere","slug":"atmosphere","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":18,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":8,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":25,"name":"carbon dioxide","slug":"carbon-dioxide","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":25,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":10,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":30,"name":"charney report","slug":"charney-report","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":30,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":39,"name":"climate research board","slug":"climate-research-board","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":39,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":75,"name":"global warming","slug":"global-warming","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":75,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":4,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":107,"name":"jule charney","slug":"jule-charney","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":107,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":118,"name":"massachusetts institute of technology","slug":"massachusetts-institute-of-technology","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":118,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":130,"name":"national research council","slug":"national-research-council","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":130,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":133,"name":"negative feedback mechanisms","slug":"negative-feedback-mechanisms","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":133,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":146,"name":"positive moisture feedback","slug":"positive-moisture-feedback","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":146,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},{"term_id":194,"name":"verner suomi","slug":"verner-suomi","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":194,"taxonomy":"post_tag","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1759"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=149"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":808,"href":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/149\/revisions\/808"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=149"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=149"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/climatechronology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}